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The Ariel Drivers

By Lynn Olson

 

Since "keep it simple" was uppermost in my mind at the beginning of this project, I picked drivers that were up-to-date, easy to work with, and had first-class subjective qualities without requiring tricky equalization circuits in the crossover. (Not many drivers qualify!)

The Vifa 5.5" P13WH-00-08 midbass is refreshingly free of the muddled and confused sound of typical 7" and 8" polypropylene drivers. This is almost certainly due to the small size of the cone, which makes it more rigid, as well as careful Vifa engineering of the vented pole-piece assembly. The frequency response of this driver is also pretty remarkable, with a ruler-flat midband gently descending to a smooth 12 dB/Octave rolloff beginning at 5kHz. That means the crossover can be simple, and won't require midband equalization.

The flatness of the 5.5" Vifa driver is more unusual than it first appears. Since the ear is so sensitive to spectral imbalances in the midrange, most high-fidelity speakers have traditionally used modest equalization in the crossover to straighten out the crucial midrange. It is only in the last few years that we have started to see high-performance drivers that don't require any equalization, and the Vifa 5.5" midbass is an excellent example. (The only other one I can even think of is the Focal 6V415, and even that one has a small bump at 4.5kHz).

I first heard the 5.5" Vifa in the Lineaum LFX, and was impressed with the wonderfully transparent midrange. I was not so impressed with the thin bass. I figured if this driver had any future as a good midbass unit, a pair of them driving a 6 foot transmission-line would bring it out. Doubling up would gain 6dB of efficiency and headroom, and the transmission-line would extend the bass down to the F3 of the driver - 60Hz. By contrast, a vented box with conventional Theile/Small QB3 tuning begins a 24dB/octave rolloff at 80Hz.

The two orthodox approaches to get deeper, more powerful bass would be:

  • Select a larger midbass driver. 7" or 8" would be the logical choice, and would get down to 40 or 50Hz.

    OR
  • Retain the 5.5" Vifa, use it as a midrange driver, and add a 10" or 12" paper-cone woofer in a separate vented box. That would get down to 40Hz with no trouble.
Yes, I could have done that. If I had, the system would have ended up sounding like any of thousands of perfectly ordinary 2 or 3-way systems. I wanted this speaker to have midrange and treble as good as any on the market ... and no reason why not, since building truly excellent midrange and treble is much cheaper than excellent sound combined with deep, full-power bass.

High-end speakers in the middle price points ($1000 to $5000) usually compromise the mids in favor of getting more of that intense bass that many audiophiles want. Increasing the size of the midbass driver reduces the midrange quality in the case of the Vifa (and many other drivers). The 6.5" and 8" Vifa drivers need modest midrange equalization, and after you go to all that extra trouble and expense in the crossover, they still don't sound as good as their little brother (EQ is not a substitute for quality).

Going to a 3-way system by adding another passive crossover at 200 to 300Hz is just asking for trouble in terms of large, expensive, and sonically intrusive capacitors and iron-core inductors. Assuming you spent a small fortune on crossover parts, there's still the problem of having the crossover fall in the range where the ear is most sensitive to phase distortion (100 to 800Hz). And for what? Most 10, 12, or 15-inch poly-cone woofers don't have such great bass anyway. It's loud and deep all right, but they can't keep up with good mids and tweeters. That's why most 3-way systems avoid using the best midranges and tweeters - although top-quality mids and tweeters don't add much to the price, they expose the poor quality of the generic poly-cone woofer. Good woofers quickly run into serious money, and it takes bi-amping to really do them justice.

The design tradeoffs in the Ariel are very high quality midrange and treble, focus and immediacy across the spectrum, and good efficiency - at the expense of deep and powerful bass. I tell most folks to go ahead and build the Ariel, and see if they want more bass after they live with it for a few months (it's a bit like acclimating to Quad ESL's or Lowthers). If you'd like a bit more extension, don't rush out and buy just any commercial subwoofer; most of them can't keep up with speed and resolution of the Ariels. (With the notable exception of the REL subwoofers, which work just fine ... I own a REL Strata II.) Take a look at the Good Bass section for more info on which woofers (not subwoofers!) are a good match for the Ariel and ME2's.

Returning to the midrange, I cannot recommend any other midbass driver as a substitute. If you want to use any other drivers you are completely on your own.

There are a handful of top-rank tweeters to choose from, unlike good mids, which are scarce. This is the result of many advances in materials sciences, acoustic holography, and computer modeling in the last decade. Soft domes in particular have made great strides, and are head and shoulders above the popular soft-domes of the Seventies. The best soft-domes (Scan-Speak D2905/9500 and D2905/9700) now surpass the best metal-domes.

The issue of subjective coloration goes a bit deeper than flat response and good MLSSA waterfall plots. The best tweeters meet all the technical criteria very well; what remains are the subjective differences. This is where I part company with the detail-at-all-costs brigade, and go for the one that sounds the most true-to-life. I am not a fan of the "analytical" cookie-cutter sound so popular in the high-end magazines. My criteria are much simpler: does it sound like real people singing in my living room? Does the clarinet sound like a real clarinet? Is it real; does it live and breathe?

The Scan-Speak D2905 family of tweeters communicate this subtle essence in the most natural way I've heard so far. Here are my personal impressions of the top three models:

 

  • D2905/9500: This Scan-Speak tweeter is a combination of the 9300 dome assembly, front plate, and Ferrofluid damping, combined with the 9900 aerodynamic non-resonant rear chamber. Since I have a few reservations about the sonics of the 9900, that makes this the best all-around choice for the Ariel and ME2. The reports from the Ariel Builders Club all agree: this is their favorite tweeter ... guess I better replace my old sticky-dome 9000's with the 9500's one of these days.

     

  • D2905/9700: A 9900 with a flat faceplate. I've heard a rumor that Siegfried Linkwitz commissioned this tweeter for the Audio Artistry line of speakers. He wanted all the features of a 9900 without the shallow horn, thus the 9700. No question about it, they sound very good in the Audio Artistry speakers - with Linkwitz as the designer, they should!

    The 9700, along with the 9900, do not use any Ferrofluid in the voice-coil gap. (A very unusual feature in any tweeter these days.) That creates a large peak in the impedance curve at the tweeter resonance of 600Hz, thus requiring a precisely tuned notch filter in the crossover. More significantly, this also means the tweeter portion of the Ariel and ME2 crossover requires a complete redesign for the 9700 - if you use the "stock" crossover there is a real possibility of damaging the tweeter and the certainty of very high IM distortion as the result of uncontrolled excursion at the tweeter resonance.

     

  • D2905/9900: The top of the Scan-Speak driver line. Unfortunately, this tweeter isn't my cup of tea. I haven't heard any speakers that use this tweeter that are to my taste; the measured wrinkles in the response in the 12 to 18kHz region are audible (to me, at least), and I am not a fan of short horns, which is what the 9900 uses as a faceplate. (Short horn = "directivity control element".)

    In any event the standard Ariel and ME2 crossovers require a complete redesign for the 9900. If you select the 9900, you are on your own. Make sure you have CLIO, MLSSA, and a calibrated 1/2" condenser microphone nearby. If you are a very advanced builder with a fully equipped lab, this could be an interesting challenge.

In purely objective terms, the Vifa P13WH-00-08 and Scan-Speak D2905/9500 are the flattest, most neutral drivers in the world; the group-delay vs. frequency and MLSSA waterfall results are truly exceptional. Not to mention they sound great as well!

Don't take my word for it - other builders of the Ariels have called me up long-distance and told me they were fooled into thinking a party was having an impromptu sing-in in their living-room. One fellow even thought one of his next-door neighbors was humming along with the music - turned out the humming was on the recording, and he had never heard it before! With a moderate-power vacuum-tube amplifier, voices, piano, and clarinet have an "in-the-room" presence that is relaxed and natural ... quite different than the "high-end" sound you hear at the shows.
 

 

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mercoledì 02 luglio 2014


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